St. George's Eve Uprising - Jüriöö ülestõus

This is a re-enactment of the St. George's Day Massacre that happened 669 years ago on APRIL 23, 1343. To mark this anniversary, 340 people from all over Estonian had registered for the event, which also included a work bee (talgud) at the fort. Wouldn't it be fun for all Estonian scouts and guides to enjoy at Kotkajärv? Here is the story in Estonian from Postimees: LINK


Back in April 2005,  130 roleplayers, interested in historical re-enactments, gathered at Kassinurme Hills, Jõgeva County, where an ancient fort was being reconstructed. The event's popularity has increased over the years. In 2009, there were 425 roleplayers involved. LINK

MORE PHOTOS AND INFORMATION:
Tallinna Postimees has a wonderful galllery of photos.
www.histrodamus.ee has a great website with a timeline, map and facts.  Here is an excerpt in Estonian:

1343. aasta aprillis algas Jüriöö ülestõus Harjumaal. Selle põhjuseks oli ilmselt kohaliku aadli omavoli eestlaste kallal ja ka see, et maa hakkas peremeest vahetama. Lühikese aja jooksul tapsid eestlased kõik sakslased, kelle nad kätte said ja vallutasid Padise kloostri, mis põletati maha ning 28 munka tapeti. Nii oli lühikese ajaga kogu Harju (va. Tallinn) võõrvõimust vabastatud. Järgmisena asus eestlaste väidetavalt 10 000-meheline vägi Tallinna lähistele laagrisse, abi paluti ka Turu foogtilt (Rootsi kuninga Soome asehaldurilt). Rootsi vägi lubaski eestlastele appi tulla.

Photo of Padise Abbey by Zosma

The massacre started at Padise Abbey and spread across Harjumaa. Although it lasted 3 years, it was ultimately unsuccessful and the Teutonic Knights had a much stronger position than ever. 

From an interesting source: (Imperial Teutonic Order)

After the Estonians of Harria rebelled in the St.George's Night Uprising of 1343 the Teutonic order occupied the territories. The overthrow of the Danish government came 2 days after the Order had defeated the Estonian revolt and the Danish viceroy was imprisoned in cooperation with the pro-German vassals. The castles in Reval and Wesenberg were handed over to the Order by the pro-German party on May 16, 1343 and the castle at Narva in 1345. In 1346 Estonia (Harria and Vironia) was sold for 19,000 Köln marks to the Teutonic Order, the shift of sovereignty from Denmark to the Teutonic Order took place on November 1, 1346.

The same source goes on to state that these were illegally taken by force and as of 2010, the Duchy of Estonia is still the possession of the Teutonic Order! TRUTH or FICTION? 

The present 60th Hoch und Deutschmeister of the Teutonic Order has formally decreed that on the 1st of January 2010, the Teutonic Order of Saint Mary's Hospital in Jerusalem, reclaimed all the Teutonic Orders formerly held possessions, rights and patrimony to the Teutonic Duchy of Estonia, which was sold by the King of Denmark to the Teutonic Order on the 1st of November in the year 1346 and was never legally re-sold or given away by the Teutonic Order to any other Country, State or Person, but infact was illegally taken by force without due consent or compensation given to the Teutonic Order of Knights, therefore the present 60th Hoch und Deutschmeister of the Teutonic Order, formally assumes from the date of the aforementioned decree issued, the complete Feudal Overlordship of the Duchy of Estonia together with Title and Rank of Duke of Estonia, to be henceforth held, born and enjoyed as such upon all present and future Hoch und Deutschmeisters of the Teutonic Order in perpetuity as the sole possession of the Teutonic Order and Brotherhood of Knights.

The 60th Hoch and Deutschmeister? Is this a joke? Does the Teutonic Order still exist? Wait and find out!

Ages in Estonia

Take a peek into Estonia's past: crusaders, conquerors and independence! 


The Livonian Order and the Teutonic Knights (1200- 1500)


The Battle of Lake Peipus - Alexander Nevsky takes a different bite in 1242!


The Swedish Empire and Charles XII (1600)
Peter the Great and the Russian Empire (starting from 1700)


The Estonian Republic during the 1930s before WWII

Important Dates in Estonian History - Tähtsad aastad Eesti ajaloos

Hiigla suur linnumuna kivisamba otsas ei ole tavaline. Miks ta seal on? Kas on tegemist Kalevipojaga? 

Eestimaal leidub palju huvitavaid kujusid, nii muinasajast kui ka muinasloost. Samamoodi on Eesti ajalugu põnev, keeruline ja erinev teistest Euroopa riikidest, kuigi ta on paljude riikidega seotud. Igal nädal paneme pilte, jutte ja mõtisklusi, tule kaasa minevikku!

Why would anyone place a huge granite egg on a monument? Was it Kalevipoeg? Estonia is full of peculiar statues and sculptures; likewise its history is intriguing, complicated and very different from the rest of Europe. And yet not completely - many states and cultures have left their mark over the centuries. Come along for the journey through time! Every week we include stories and quizes along with the battles.

Olulised ajaloo etapid – Significant timelines:

Esimene etapp
1200      Saksa ristirüütlid Eestis (Teutonic Order)
1210      Ümera jõe lahing (Battle of Ümera, in Latvia)
1217      Madisepäeva lahing (Battle of St. Matthew's Day, near Viljandi)
1343      Jüriöö ülestõus (St. Geroge's Day Uprising, April 23)
1535      Esimene raamt eesti keeles (First book published in Estonian)
1575      Esimene aabits (First Estonian primer)


Järgnevad etapid
1600      Rootsi aeg (Swedish Rule)
1700      Vene tsaari võim (Csarist Rule)
1918      Eesti iseseisvus (Estonian Indepedence)
1944      Nõukogude Vene okuptsioon (Soviet Occupation)
1991      Taasiseseisvus (Re-Independence)

Ja linnumuna? See on kaarnakivi (raven’s stone). Eesti rahvalugu seletab, et kaarnakivi võim annab inimesele kõik, mida ta tahab – kui inimene selle leiab ja oskab targalt soove kasutada. Kaaren on vanast ajast mitmele ravhvale müstiline lind.

In mythology, the raven is associated with dark and magical powers. In southern Estonia, if you find a certain kind of raven’s egg, rub at exactly the right time and then make a wish – it will come true! Juhan Jaik was born in Rõuge, Võrumaa. His short story collection „ The Raven’s Stone” was published in 1980. He died in 1948 – this is his monument.

History is like the raven's stone - it will give you a glimpse of the future by studying the past.

Essential Estonian Facts- Põhilised faktid Eestist

Eesti Riigi sümbolid - Estonian National Symbols

Eesti lipp - Estonian flag

Sinine väljendab helget tulevikku ja tähistab põhjamaist taevast. 

Must meenutab rahva minevikku ja tähistab mullapinda. 

Valge märgib rahva püüdlusi vaimuvalguse poole ning tähistab talvist valget lund ja suviseid valgeid öid. (www.valitsus.ee)

Valge meeutab ka puhtust ja lootust paremale tulevikule.

Sini-must-valge trikoloor võttis eelmisel sajandil kasutusele  esimene eesti üliõpilasorganisatsioon EÜS (Eesti Üliõpilaste Selts) ja õnnistati 4. juunil 1884 Otepääl.  (Loe lipulugu siit.)

The colours of the flag reflect Estonian nature: blue-sky, black-soil and white-purity, hope and of course, white nights. The original flag, which went into hiding during the Second World War, is now 127 years old. Fewer than 10% of the world's flags can claim that distinction!

Eesti vapid - Estonian coats of arms

Suur riigivapp
Greater coat of arms 

Väike riigivapp
Lesser coat of arms

Eesti Riigihümn on „Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm“

„Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm“ kirjutati 1869. aastal esimesel üldlaulupeol ettekandmiseks.

Sõnad:         Johann Voldemar Jannsen

Muusika:    Friedrich Pacius

Eesti rahvuslind on suituspääsuke.
The national animal of Estonia is the barn swallow.

Bird of the Year 2011
Aasta lind 2011

Kuna suitsupääsuke viivib suviti Eestis, õeldakse, et ta toob päevasoojust. Nii on pääsukesed rahvaga koos ammust ajast elanud ja nii kestab edasi.

2011 is an important year for the national symbol, the barn swallow or suitsupääsuke. Although it migrates to Africa, Australia and the Sahara, when the swallow returns to Estonia (and other northen countries) it makes its nest among barns, hence the name.

This year the Estonian Ornithological Society has the Barn Swallow as bird as the bird of the year.Why?

 “ To help draw attention to one certain bird species, to study its habits more widely and to provide information to a larger audience.”

http://www.looduskalender.ee/en/node/9957



Eesti rahvuslill on rukkilill.

The national flower of Estonia is the cornflower.

Eesti lipu õige värv on sinine nagu rukilill, mis on kasvanud Eestis nii kaua kui inimesed seal on elanud - umbes 10,000 aastat!

"The campaign to choose a national flower was organized by The Estonian Wildlife Protection Society in 1967-68. The ornamental blue cornflower was the favourite.

The cornflower has grown on Estonian soil for more than 10,000 years, from the time when the first humans came to Northern Europe. The plant grows commonly in rye fields, creating a strong connection in the minds of Estonians between the flower and their daily bread."

During the Soviet era, the blue black and white flag was forbidden, so the blue of this flower carried on the national spirit. Read the Eesti Institute site for other amazing Estonian facts!

Põhilised Eesti andmed  - Estonian Facts

Two Estonian Pink Houses

When sorting out photos of Estonia, I came across this beautiful pink house with the guards in front. Is it the Stenbock House or not? Actually, the two mirror each other: both are pink baroque-style buildings with the Estonian Coat of Arms on the portal. And both are state buildings.

Below: The Office and Residence of the President of Estonia in Kadriorg was designed by architect Alar Kotli  for President Konstantin Päts in 1938, in Kadriorg, near the huge Palace. It also houses a wonderful art collection - but unless you are a guest of the president, you won't be able to see it!

"Designing the new Kadriorg Palace, Alar Kotli faced a complicated task requiring great discretion. He located the building on the same axis with the old Kadriorg Palace. The new building was not to infringe the integrity of the gorgeous ethereal ensemble of baroque architecture. Therefore, the back of the administrative building facing the old palace is serene and fairly modest, compared to the abundantly decorated facade. The garden connecting the two palaces was completely re-landscaped. As far as our brief summers allow it, the garden was and still is used for ceremonial purposes. In early summer, the President receives the best school and university graduates there. In summertime, the garden is open to visitors." 

Story continues  here.

Below: The Estonian Parliament Building on the Toompea Hill, built well over a century earlier in 1792. Although tt has changed hands many times it was always known as the Stenbock  House, in honour of Count Jakob Stenbock, who financed its construction. 

"Since 1828, after the death of Count Stenbock, the ensemble of early classicist buildings that is still called the Stenbock House today, belonged to Paul von Benckendorff, the chief of rural police court. For a long time the building was used by the knighthood: since 1855 the building sheltered the Toomkooli Boarding School and was sold to the Knighthood of Estonia in 1873. In 1891 the building was transferred to the ownership of the Administration of the Guberniya of Estonia that, 100 years after the completion of construction, first started using the building as a courthouse." Read the complete story here.

Stenbock House on Rahukohtu Street,
Photo by Samuli Lintula 

The Republic of Estonia undertook its current restoration in 1996; it was inaugurated in 2000 and houses the government session hall and executive offices.

Restored Assembly Hall/ Riigkogu saal. 

Photo: Steve Jurvetson

"The biggest room of the house initially designed as a court hall is located in the western wing on the second floor of the main building. Now the Government of the Republic holds its session here every Thursday by means of the electronic session system. This is the only room in the building where the dogtooth cornice edging the vaulted mirror ceiling has been restored. The three modernised chandeliers in the room are original designs by Peeter Tambu, interior designer of the house."  LINK.

About the Estonian Parliament
"The contemporary Estonian government follows the principles of separation of power and its people elect a 101-member parliament every four years. 


Only Estonian citizens may participate in parliamentary elections. The Parliament chooses a president, who can be in office for a five year period for a maximum of two terms. The President is the Supreme Commander of the National Defence of Estonia."


"A party must gather 5% of the votes in order to become part of the Parliament. As a rule, the President asks the party leader who has collected the most votes to form the new government. The representational model based on party politics has strengthened over the last decade. 

In the years shortly following the restoration of independence, there were dozens of parties to represent a population of only 1.4 million; at present 6-7 parties have remained. The local authorities have developed in the same direction. All permanent residents of voting age (18) may participate in local government elections". Read more from the Eesti Instituut.

Introducing: Mari Pokinen

If you flew to Estonia this summer on Estonian Air, you would have seen their elegant inflight magazine, (pardaajakiri) “In Time”. This quarterly publication highlights Estonian people, their culture and cuisine along with exotic destinations; the stories alternate between English and Estonian. If you are learning Estonian or are related to one, “In Time” is a great resource.

For the fall issue, "Picturesque South Estonia", columnist Triin Tammert interviewed Mari Pokinen from Tartu, a 23-year-old singer, songwriter and actress, and a recent graduate of the Viljandi Culture Academy (at the University of Tartu). Her debut album “22”, released in 2010, was an overnight success and has remained in the Estonian Top 10 all year.

Her songs are simple, captivating and timeless. Having Estonian Air use her hit single "Sõpradele" as a theme song for their commercial “Olulised hetked” (Important Moments) certainly helped a lot!



Does she have mixed feelings about releasing her song to a commercial? Yes. Raadio-2 recently asked her that question on „Siin me oleme“ (Here we are), a talkshow airing weekdays around noon :

DIV

“See pole lennureisi lugu. Ühel ilusal soojal päeval kirjutasin selle oma sõpradele," lisas Pokinen, kes ei aimanud, et tema loodud kaunis laul hakkab reklaamis oma elu elama". Read the interview here.

The song was written on a beautiful warm day and dedicated to her friends, which is why it is so honest, powerful and heartfelt. And now it has a life of its own, which must feel strange to her, since her goal was to become an actress, not a singer, although singing and writing music were always a part of her life. „Ma ei ole julgenud ennast määratleda lauljana ega valida muuikat elukutseks, leivateenimiseks.“ 
"No näed":

How does she write songs? What is her inspiration? Simple things:  life in Estonia (wonderful!), friends, song – being in the moment.
Read pwww.pokinen.blogspot.com for inspiration: see how simply the expresses her feelings about the essence of time and space in words!

"Mäletan, kui Luha tänavale kodu ehitasime, istusin oma uues tühjas kajavas toas ja kuulasin ballaadi, mis kostus üle ehitusteipide, avamata kastide, parkettpõranda liistude teise maja otsa. Ja mina vaatasin lage ja seinu ja põrandat ja kujutlesin, missugune kord olema saab nende lugu. Kui soojaks ja targaks nad saavad. Paigutasin mõttes asju kohtadele. Uurisin kõiki nurki. Ja ballaad oli vabaduseks. Kuulutas uut algust".

"I remember when we were building our home on Luha street and I was sitting in my empty new room, listening to a ballad that floated over boards, planks, unopened cartons; from one end of the house to the other. As I sat there, I imagined the life these items would have, what would be their story. How warm and smart they would become. And as I looked at all the nooks and crannies, I created a room. And the song in the air was about freedom, announcing new beginnings."

New Beginnings in Tallinn

This past summer Mari was a witch -  a hundred year old endearing, teenage witch, the kind you would want to meet! And this Christmas on ETV, you probably will – she plays the part of Nõianeiu Nöbinina, in the ten-part television series based on the book by Kristiina Kass. Like many of Kass's previous children’s stories, it is funny, sweet and easy to read – and soon out of print!

And now for something completely different....

How about a rock and roll cabaret based on "The Brothers Karamazov" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky?  How wild is that? Very!  The „12 Karamazovs”, directed by Kristjan Smeds, is currently playing at the Von Krahl Theatre on Rataskaevu Street in Tallinn until Novemeber 24. The cast: new professional actors, including Mari Pokinen, from the Viljandi Culture Academy.

"The „12 Karamazovs” is not a classical play but a state of mind, which the whole crew has initiated. It is a statement of both modern Russia and postmodern Estonia; full of punk attitude, odd Slavic traditions, switched male and female roles and numerous surprises on the way”. Length: 4 hours, 15 minutes. Exciting, yes -  but not for the faint of heart! 

The Von Krahl is an experimental theatre, an ultra cool nightclub and restaurant - AND an academy all in one! The small theatre, led by Peeter Jalakas of the VAT Theatre, opened in 1992 and focuses on alternative modes of performance. (Estonian Theatre, Jaak Rähesoo). Sigismund Von Krahl was an Australian philosopher of Baltic German origin, whose his ideas have inspired the theatre group named for him. Interested?  Read the complete history in the article by Katrin Ruus here. 

And how does Mari Pokinen feel about Tartu and Tallinn?

"Käisin kodus. Tartus liigub aeg võrratute pisikeste sammudega. Tallinna aeg on jämedam ja jookseb rahust ja ilust tihti üle. Nii tundsin vajadust pealinnast eemale saada. Ja tegigi kodu mind jälle mõnusamaks. Sügis on Tartus samuti hoopis tundlikum. Sügis annab ennast seal päriselt kätte ja kõik sealne annab ennast sügise kätte." 

"I went home. Time in Tartu moves at a much slower pace. Tallinn’s time moves forward quickly and often tramples over beauty. I felt a need to escape from the capital. And I was comfortable again at home. Fall is more sensitive in Tartu and lends itself to people and they are able to relate to it more there."

Although penned in October 2010, before the release of her debut album "22", I bet she still fells the same way - Tartu or Tallinn?

Paha Polly: Tartu or Tallinn?

Our tendency is to join things, to associate places and things and to remove what doesn't fit. Maybe the things that don't necessarily fit are what make life interesting. Maybe the pieces of a puzzle don't even have to fit, strange as that may seem.

For instance, how are these people and places connected?

• The Estonia Theater (now the Estonian National Opera) in Tallinn,
• Professional cyclist Rein Taaremäe and sculptor Mati Karmin (Kissing Students) from Tartu
• Leelo Tungal (Ruila) and Raimond Valgre (Rapla) in Harjumaa,  not far from Tallinn

How different are Tartu and Tallinn?

Listen to Paha Polly, a folk rock band from Võru (2005) now based in Tartu. The band consists of  Liana Kolodinskaja (vocals), Kaur Pai (guitar), Toomas Oks (guitar), Ervin Sokk (bass guitar), Marek Manglus (drums) and Taavet Schotter (accordian). Their first album "Ei jäägi üle muud..."(Naerame) was released in 2009, followed by "Killud" in 2010 (Ma olen Tartu).

Are you curious about how bands get their names? Take Paha Polly (bad Polly). One of their favourite groups, Nirvana, had some great songs: "Polly" and "Molly's lips". Another band member was really into "Good Charlotte".  Play around with these names and what else could you get but "Bad Polly"? Read the story here in Lõuna Leht.

WATCH VIDEO HERE: link

Ma olen Tartu ja sina oled Tallinn

ma olen Tartu
ma olen Tartu ja sina oled Tallinn
ma olen Tartu

Me vahel laiub paarsada kilomeetrit

musta lõhnavat asfaltteed

sa oled kivist ja mina olen puust

kuid suuri sõnu kuuleb mõlemate suust

A a couple of hundred kilometres separate us 

on asphalt-reeking roads,

You are stone and and I am wood,

But complicated words you'll hear from us both.

Jah, minu jaoks su linn on tõesti liiga suur

vaid kaugelt vaadata su poole vist ma julgen

ning sinu jaoks mu linn on kitsas nagu puur

nii kumbki meist siis oma linna jäägu

Your city is really too big for me,

All I can do is gaze at you from afar,

Yet for you my city is a narrow cage,

I think it's best we both stay where we are.

Left: Photo of Tartu by Dezidor                      Right: Photo of Tallinn by Arunas - visit www.arunasworld.com/

Su linnas pidutseb glamuur, on kõrge lend
Ning tähtsaim sõna seal kindlasti on trend
boheemid minu linnas tegutsevad endiselt
siin kõrgelt hinnas kottis kampsun on ja tennised

Snowy Tartu by Veljo Haamer

Your city is filled with style and glamour, 
The key word there is "trend";

Bohemians still roam around here as before

Needing only sweaters and running shoes, not more.

Su hinge tahaksin küll ära osta ma

igavesti peita selle oma seinakappi

ei vaataks kunagi sa, kus on Tallinna

ning alatiseks jääksid siia mulle appi

I would really like to buy your soul,
hide it for eternity in my cupboard;

Never again would you look for Tallinn,

You would stay at me side forever.

Villa Margaretha -  Jugendstil  hotel and restaurant

"Sa oled kivist ja mina olen puust"

In many European cities older wooden houses have long since been replaced by stone buildings and facades. Fires and wars did not help. Tallinn is known for its stonework, although sections like Kalamaja and Pelgulinn still maintain their wooden houses.

1930's buildings combining wood and brick

Villa Margaretha Foursquare link with map

If you are in Tartu, be sure to visit Karlova, Supilinn and  Tähtvere. The wooden buildings in these historic districts are rare in Europe and slowly disappearing in Estonia as well. The Karlova Assocation has kept an archive of the buildings along with individual house histories, they are quite fascinating - but unfortunately all in Estonian!

Mart Siilivask has  written a wonderful article in English:
 "The Historic Town Structures of Tartu – The Historical Overview and Main Preservation Problems Today".
Foursquare link with map to Anna Edasi kohvik/cafe/restaurant.

"Karlova: This wooden district of more than 300 mainly perimetral two storey tenement-houses arose outside of the town-limits in 5 years (between 1910 and 1914), the latest houses are from beginning of the 1920s. The main building contractor and designer was building-engineer Fromhold Kangro, but most of the buildings were probably designed and built by local master-builders." 

Paha Polly - Their music   "Mu valgus" (My Light) - 2011
link to music video

News Upadate: 
Drummer Marek is leaving for Sweden in October, 2011. Last concert was in  Trehv, Tartu - but hey, maybe the next song will be Ma olen Tartu, sa oled Stockholm! Ha!

 Trehv Foursquare link